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  • 昆明市第十三污水处理建设项目安全
  • 昆明市委书记程连元、副市长吴涛一
  • 昆明主城污泥处理搬迁项目消化、脱
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  • 总结 | 关于活性污泥的那些事
  • 英国污泥处理处置方式对我国的启示
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    污水厂运营过程中常见的20个问题及解决方案
     

    作为水处理行业中的一员,我能够深深地体会到行业人的辛苦,因为在污水厂运营过程中,问题真的是层出不穷,只有更多,没有最多。

    为了帮助大家积累知识,整理了从水世界论坛精选出来的知识点

    问题一:预处理构筑物中对于格栅除泥机的忽视:有很多污水处理厂往往为了节省用地仅考虑设计一道中粗格栅,栅条间隙为20mm~30mm,造成过多杂物被冲过栅条而进入后续构筑物,对潜污泵有较大影响,还会增加污水泵的能耗。

    解决方案:将旧型的高链式格栅机更换成回转式格栅除泥机,同时将栅距定为10mm。

    问题二:曝气系统耗能大

    解决方案:可以考虑将穿孔管改造为硅胶橡胶管式曝气管。

    问题三:曝气池冬季会有泡沫问题出现

    解决方案:冬季产生泡沫的原因大概有四个方面。

    第一方面是气温的原因。由于气温低,曝气池中产生的气泡不易破碎,轻易堆积,这时应对工艺进行调整,适当降低溶解氧,破坏泡沫堆积的条件。

    第二方面是进水中表面活性剂物质含量过高,通过鼓风吹脱,容易产生大量泡沫,再加上气温条件,极易出现泡沫堆积。因此应查明污染源,采取措施使进水中无发泡物质,泡沫就会自然消失。

    第三方面是由于微孔爆气产生的气泡小,不易破碎,易堆积,此时需对溶解氧进行适当调控,使泡沫得到控制。

    第四方面是当曝气池MLLSS过低时,比较轻易产生泡沫。因此,在冬季严格控制MLSS在1.5g/l以上,控制泡沫堆积效果明显。

    问题四:现在想用一个工艺对COD去除,不对氨氮产生任何影响(不产生,不去除,如果有,尽量降低),COD在500多,去除到200+即可。

    解决方案:方案一:芬顿工艺,不对氨氮产生影响。COD到200.

    方案二:如果构成COD的物质易沉淀,就用沉淀、过滤,去除COD,氨氮基本不变;如果构成COD溶解性、生化性好,用生化法,降低COD同时,氨氮也会降低;如果构成COD溶解性好,但生化性不好,可用高级氧化技术,降低COD,氨氮几乎不动。

    问题五:MBR,两个礼拜前出水氨氮一直在1左右,但是受到一次冲击,氨氮涨到了100左右,目前已经恢复过来了,硝化池溶解氧在3-4,温度30度左右,ph一直稳定在7-8,污泥浓度15g左右,SV40%,但是已经近一个礼拜了,氨氮还是降不下来,用测硝酸根与亚硝酸根的试纸,反应很剧烈,说明硝化反应应该是有的,求解。

    解决方案:方案一:兑些好水保持池内氨氮在50左右,然后闷曝到合格,预计需要2-3天时间才会合格的

    方案二:出水100多氨氮,还好,恢复起来比较慢,你可以先不进水,静止沉淀,抽取池内上清液,然后再少量进水就可以了。

    问题六:白酒废水,700方的IC灌,进水COD3000,氨氮30PH7左右,前几天酸化了,置换了里面所有的水,这几天每天进水3个小时,连续3天都产生了这样的泡沫

    解决方案:酸化了, 这个泡沫问题不大,有酸化泡沫和沼气组成的,提升碱度,往提升井里加碳酸钠,多加,只要PH值不低于8,进水没事。

    问题七:曝气头如何布置才能使曝气均匀

    解决方案:方案一:合理的布置间距,避免某处的局部损失过大

    方案二:曝气是否均匀,除了布置以外还要看曝气设施的新旧程度是否相同,特别是微孔曝气头,即使是在同一曝气支管下,如果新旧程度不同,曝气肯定是不均匀的。这就是为什么在检修更换曝气头的时候,要换就换一片,而不能一个一个换的原因。换下来的旧曝气头可以组成另一片,大家阻力相同,通过阀门来控制就会均匀的多

    问题八:1.芬顿反应实验出水红色

    2.加大药剂比例,加碱调PH值起沫很多,出水感觉黄绿色不是很重,加pam不絮凝,是怎么回事

    解决方案:加药比例有问题,铁多双氧水多,废水中含有难降解物质与铁离子形成络合物,显妖艳的红色并且很难絮凝沉淀,需要小试确认加药量和效果,源头查找这股水的来源,有效控制,原则保障少量多次,确保fenton氧化效率。

    问题九:臭氧和cod的投加比例是多少?

    解决方案:方案一: 如果是直接除COD,我们一般按3倍COD估算,如果断链等改善B/C用:1:1,1:2,看污染成份 比较高难的还是拿中试数据支撑更靠谱。

    方案二:单纯考虑直接氧化去除COD至少要3倍,催化就不好说了,做做小试吧!

    问题十:除了镜检,丝状菌膨胀与非丝状菌膨胀最直观的区别是什么?什么是引起引发他们的原因?

    解决方案:方案一: 非丝上清液浑浊,因负荷高。丝状菌一般清澈,但后期也会浑浊,所以要具体情况而看。

    方案二:低负荷,低pH,低温,营养比例失调,负荷冲击会引起丝状菌膨胀。高负荷,毒性物质,引起非丝状菌膨胀。

    问题十一:这几天遇到污泥浓度过高6000,沉降比30分钟百分之60。排水时已经有一点跑泥、除了加快回泥,还要在曝气方面注意什么呢?

    解决方案:加大排泥量、严格控制好溶解氧、增加污泥沉降时间、投加部分絮凝剂等.

    问题十二:终沉池出水呈黄绿色是怎么引起的?

    解决方案:方案一:处理城市生活污水,由于途中污水管内厌缺氧所致进水颜色发黑,处理后的出水出现黄绿色也正常。

    方案二:部分工业废水也一样,出水颜色异常,多半是进水原因造成的。

    问题十三:出水COD连续高于进水COD。遇见这种情况,该如何解决呢?

    解决方案:方案一:如果MLSS没有大幅降低,要考虑是否进水有抑制物质,导致虽然MLSS还有,但去除率已无,如果是有抑制物质流入,那么,除了接触抑制物质流入外,还要加大排泥,把抑制物质排出去,进而通过新污泥形成来恢复系统。

    方案二:是否还有大量活性污泥流出,导致你的实验室数据偏高?可以通过把杂质过滤后监测COD,看看是否有不同数据,如果过滤后COD数据降低了,那么保证活性污泥的沉降性就是第一位的了。

    问题十四:工业高盐污水(原水盐酸量比较高),预处理后进厌氧罐控制污水盐度5%一下,罐子是焊接的,请问一下这个盐度的污水对厌氧罐有啥影响,防腐有特别要求吗?

    解决方案:方案一:罐子若不大用PE桶,这个盐度估计环氧树脂不保险,不锈钢怕氯离子,也不能用,搪瓷或衬塑的太贵。

    方案二:碳钢防腐,防腐用环氧树脂漆,或者沥青漆。

    问题十五:工艺介绍:焦化废水,AO工艺+MBR,内回流R=400%。进水TN=400mg/L。要求出水TN≤50mg/L

    我的计算:TN去除率=4/5=80%,则出水TN=20%*400=80mg/L,那么出水总氮是超标的。

    设计单位给的解释是,普通AO工艺这样计算没错,但这里使用的是MBR,MBR膜的去除率要增加10%-20%,所以出水总氮是小于50mg/L的

    我的疑问:设计单位的这种解释对吗?MBR真的这么神奇吗?

    解决方案:关于为什么MBR膜的总氮去除率会增加10-20%,设计单位解释说,MBR膜可以提高污泥浓度至8000mg/L,所以去除率会提高。我知道提高污泥浓度可以提高处理能力,但能否提高10-20%,很是怀疑。可以提高污泥的浓度,但是去除率提高不敢说。

    问题十六:生活污水经过A/O工艺处理,采用MBR进一步处理,但为了增加去除磷,在进入MBR反应前水中加入除磷剂,这对MBR运行是否有影响?尤其是对膜?

    解决方案:浓度很小的话影响不大,但药剂的加入还是有影响的,毕竟会影响孔径,清洗也不好洗,加药会影响膜的使用寿命,膜清洗的频率也要增加,所以,除磷剂最好加在沉淀池,膜池不要加。

    问题十七:平面曝气器和球面曝气器有何差别?

    解决方案:球面的服务面积大

    问题十八:在运行过程中发现污泥发白,是什么原因造成的?如何解决?

    解决方案:产生原因:

    1.缺少营养,丝状菌或固着型纤毛虫大量繁殖,菌胶团生长不良

    2.PH值高或过低,引起丝状菌大量生长,污泥松散,体积偏大

    解决办法:

    1.按营养配比调整进水负荷,氨氮滴加量,保持数日污泥颜色可以恢复。

    2.调整进水pH值,保持曝气池pH值在6~8之间,长期保持PH值范围才能有效防止污泥膨胀。

    问题十九:沉淀池有大块黑色污泥上浮的原因与解决方法

    解决方案:产生原因:

    1.沉淀池有死角,局部积泥厌氧,产生CH4、CO2,气泡附于污泥粒使之上浮,出水氨氮往往较高;

    2.回流比过小,污泥回流不及时使之厌氧

    解决办法:

    1.若沉淀池有死角,可以保持系统处于较高的溶解氧状态问题可以得到缓解,根本解决需要对死角进行构造上的改造才能实现。

    2.加大回流比,防止污泥在沉淀池停留时间太长。

    问题二十:曝气过量不过量的判断

    解决方案方案一:没有仪器设备情况下,那矿泉水瓶子去生化池混合液看,再根据二沉池水面情况和出水,结合曝气池水面情况含泡沫等综合分析。

    方案二: 经验丰富的人,可根据活性污泥颜色和气味,外加部分分析数据进行判断。

    方案三:首先曝气得均匀吧,通过沉降比观察,如果污泥发黑,说明缺氧;上清液弥散性浑浊,说明曝气大,把污泥打散了;上清液清澈,出水COD较低,说明曝气良好!

    二十个问题及解决方案已罗列完成,是否有找到你所面临的难题以及你要的解决方案?

    来源:水世界订阅号

     

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