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  • 昆明市第十三污水处理建设项目安全
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    【政策汇总】2016年发布了哪些环保法律法规?
     

    随着我国经济发展进入结构性改革转型期,环境治理也迈入了全面整治攻坚期。环保部部长陈吉宁此前就曾指出,2016年是确定“十三五”环境保护顶层设计的一年,也是“十三五”开局之年,环保工作任务艰巨。

    那么,2016年已然结束,为了确保“十三五”期间环保工作顺利进行,有效改善我国环境质量,国家各部门都发布了哪些与环保相关的主要决策方针呢?

    首部环保税法2018年施行 实现税负平移

    《中华人民共和国环境保护税法》12月25日在十二届全国人大常委会第二十五次会议上获表决通过,并将于2018年1月1日起施行,此环保税法走过6年立法之路、历经两次审议。

    据了解,环境保护税法是党的十八届三中全会提出“落实税收法定原则”要求后,全国人大常委会审议通过的第一部单行税法,也是我国第一部专门体现“绿色税制”、推进生态文明建设的单行税法。

    环境保护税法全文5章、28条,分别为总则、计税依据和应纳税额、税收减免、征收管理、附则。

    环境保护税法的总体思路是由“费”改“税”,即按照“税负平移”原则,实现排污费制度向环保税制度的平稳转移。法案将“保护和改善环境,减少污染物排放,推进生态文明建设”写入立法宗旨,明确“直接向环境排放应税污染物的企业事业单位和其他生产经营者”为纳税人,确定大气污染物、水污染物、固体废物和噪声为应税污染物。

    湿地面积总量管控

    国务院办公厅12月印发《湿地保护修复制度方案》,实行湿地面积总量管控,到2020年,全国湿地面积不低于8亿亩,其中,自然湿地面积不低于7亿亩,新增湿地面积300万亩,湿地保护率提高到50%以上。严格湿地用途监管,确保湿地面积不减少,增强湿地生态功能,维护湿地生物多样性,全面提升湿地保护与修复水平。

    《方案》明确了拟建立完善的一系列湿地保护修复制度。在完善湿地分级管理体系方面,根据生态区位、生态系统功能和生物多样性,将全国湿地划分为国家重要湿地(含国际重要湿地)、地方重要湿地和一般湿地进行管理,并探索开展湿地管理事权划分。

    全面推行河长制 加强水环境治理

    中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅12月联合印发了《关于全面推行河长制的意见》,对保护水资源、防治水污染、改善水环境、修复水生态,具有重要作用。

    全面建立省、市、县、乡四级河长体系。各省(自治区、直辖市)设立总河长,由党委或政府主要负责同志担任;各省(自治区、直辖市)行政区域内主要河湖设立河长,由省级负责同志担任;各河湖所在市、县、乡均分级分段设立河长,由同级负责同志担任。县级及以上河长设置相应的河长制办公室,具体组成由各地根据实际确定。

    新水污染防治法审议通过

    李克强总理12月7日在国务院常务会议上通过《中华人民共和国水污染防治法修正案(草案)》。

    新的水污染防治法强化地方责任,突出饮用水安全保障,完善排污许可与总量控制、区域流域水污染联合防治等制度,加严水污染防治措施,加大对超标、超总量排放等的处罚力度。要求地方各级人民政府采取防治水污染的对策和措施,对本行政区域的水环境质量负责。地方各级党政主要负责人对行政区域内水污染防治工作负责,地方各级干部在履行本职岗位职责的同时,还要对分管领域的水污染防治工作负责。

    同时扩大排污许可证范围,直接和间接向水体排放工业废水、医疗污水或者法规中所列有毒有害水污染物的企业事业单位和其他生产经营者、废水或污水集中处理设施的运营单位、规模化畜禽养殖场(小区)以及其他依法实行排污许可管理的单位,应当取得排污许可证。

    环评登记表由审批制改为备案制

    环境保护部11月印发《建设项目环境影响登记表备案管理办法》,登记表由审批制改为备案制,将自2017年1月1日起施行。自2003年9月1日起施行的原《环境影响评价法》规定,对环境影响很小的项目填报的环境影响登记表与可能造成重大环境影响的项目编制的环境影响报告书一样,都要报环保部门审批。

    在实际操作过程中,审批环境影响登记表不仅占用了环保部门大量的行政资源,还增加了建设项目的行政审批成本。针对这一问题,全国人大常委会2016年7月修改、自2016年9月1日起施行的新《环境影响评价法》将登记表从审批制改为备案制。

    《办法》规定了登记表备案的格式、管理流程、法律责任等,明确由环境保护部统一布设网上备案系统,地方环保部门负责实施;建设单位自行填报、在线提交登记表;环保部门对备案信息予以公开,并开展相应的监督检查。

    十三五生态环境保护规划审议通过

    开展造纸行业专项治理

    国务院总理李克强11月15日通过了根据《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》,确定了以下任务:一是强化源头管控。全面完成全国生态保护红线划定,完善环境标准和技术政策体系,淘汰高污染、高环境风险工艺、设备和产品,发展资源节约循环利用关键技术和生态治理修复成套技术,加快节能环保产业发展。

    二是大力实施大气、水、土壤污染防治行动计划,以提高环境质量为核心,对重点地区、流域、行业实行排放总量控制,加快实施一批生态环境保护重大工程,开展造纸、建材等15个重点行业治污减排专项治理,实施工业污染源全面达标排放计划,综合整治农业面源和畜禽养殖等污染。推进重点区域和重要生态系统保护与修复,构建生物多样性保护网络。

    三是强化重金属、危险废物、有毒有害化学品等风险全程管控。

    四是完善企业排放许可、排污权交易、环境损害赔偿等制度,建立多元化、跨区域生态补偿机制,强化环保督察执法,适时开征环境保护税,深化资源环境价格改革,打造绿色金融体系,建设美丽中国。

    生态保护规划纲要:5年创建60-100个示范区

    环保部11月2日印发《全国生态保护“十三五”规划纲要》,目前全国已有16个省份开展了生态省建设,92个市、县(区)获得国家生态建设示范区命名,126个地区开展了生态文明建设试点工作,示范带动效果明显。同时要求到2020 年,创建60-100 个生态文明建设示范区。

    规划纲要提出,要全面划定生态保护红线,管控要求得到落实,国家生态安全格局总体形成;自然保护区布局更加合理,管护能力和保护水平持续提升,新建30-50 个国家级自然保护区,完成200个国家级自然保护区规范化建设,全国自然保护区面积占陆地国土面积的比例维持在14.8%左右(包括列入国家公园试点的区域);完成生物多样性保护优先区域本底调查与评估,建立生物多样性观测网络,加大保护力度,国家重点保护物种和典型生态系统类型保护率达到95%;生态监测数据库和监管平台基本建成;体现生态文明要求的体制机制得到健全;推动60-100 个生态文明建设示范区和一批环境保护模范城创建,生态文明建设示范效应明显。

    垃圾处理、污水处理领域强制应用PPP模式

    财政部10月发布《关于在公共服务领域深入推进政府和社会资本合作工作的通知》,要求在垃圾处理、污水处理等公共服务领域,“强制”应用PPP模式。

    《通知》指出,在中央财政给予支持的公共服务领域,可根据行业特点和成熟度,探索开展两个“强制”试点。在垃圾处理、污水处理等公共服 务领域,项目一般有现金流,市场化程度较高,PPP模式运用较为广泛,操作相对成熟,各地新建项目要“强制”应用PPP模式,中央财政将逐步减少并取消专项建设资金补助。在其他中央财政给予支持的公共服务领域,对于有现金流、具备运营条件的项目,要“强制”实施PPP模式识别论证,鼓励尝试运用PPP模式,注重项目运营,提高公共服务质量。

    《通知》还要求各部门在采购过程中不得以不合理的采购条件(包括设置过高或无关的资格条件,过高的保证金等)对潜在合作方实行差别待遇或歧视性待遇,着力激发和促进民间投资。

    对招投标中失信执行人采取限制措施

    最高人民法院联合水利部等9个部门10月印发了《关于在招标投标活动中对失信被执行人实施联合惩戒的通知》(以下简称《通知》),以期促进招标投标市场健康有序发展。《通知》明确联合惩戒对象为被人民法院列为失信被执行的投标人、招标代理机构、评标专家以及其他招标从业人员。

    查询内容为失信被执行人(法人或者其他组织)的名称、统一社会信用代码(或组织机构代码)、法定代表人或者负责人姓名;失信被执行人(自然人)的姓名、性别、年龄、身份证号码;生效法律文件确定的义务和被执行人的履行情况;失信被执行人失信行为的具体情形;执行依据的制作单位和文号、执行案号、立案时间、执行法院;人民法院认为应当记载和公布的不涉及国家机密、商业秘密、个人隐私的其他事项。推送及查询方式为,最高人民法院将失信被执行人信息推送到全国信用信息共享平台和“信用中国”网站,并负责及时更新;国家公共资源交易平台、中国招标投标公共服务平台、各省级信用信息共享平台通过全国信用信息共享平台共享失信被执行人信息,各省级公共资源交易平台通过国家公共资源交易平台共享失信被执行人信息,逐步实现失信被执行人信息推送、接收、查询、应用的自动化。

    “十三五”环境影响评价改革方案

    环保部7月印发了《“十三五”环境影响评价改革实施方案》。《方案》表示,环评改革以改善环境质量为核心,以全面提高环评有效性为主线,以创新体制机制为动力,以“生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和环境准入负面清单”(“三线一单”)为手段,强化空间、总量、准入环境管理。

    《方案》表示,环评改革将与排污许可制相融合,实现制度关联、目标措施一体。坚持构建全链条无缝衔接预防体系,明确战略环评、规划环评、项目环评的定位、功能、相互关系和工作机制。

    优先调度光伏等可再生能源发电

    发改委3月印发《可再生能源发电全额保障性收购管理办法》,要求在确保供电安全的前提下,全额收购规划范围内的可再生能源发电项目的上网电量。涉及可再生能源包括风力发电、太阳能发电、生物质能发电、地热能发电、海洋能发电等非水可再生能源。

    办法要求,电网企业应按照节能低碳电力调度原则,优先执行可再生能源发电计划和可再生能源电力交易合同,保障风能、太阳能、生物质能等可再生能源发电享有最高优先调度等级。办法提出,可再生能源发电全额保障性收购是指电网企业(含电力调度机构)根据国家确定的上网标杆电价和保障性收购利用小时数,结合市场竞争机制,通过落实优先发电制度,在确保供电安全的前提下,全额收购规划范围内的可再生能源发电项目的上网电量。

    从环评、环境监测实现环境大数据监测突破

    环保部3月印发《生态环境大数据建设总体方案》,全面提高生态环境保护综合决策、监管治理和公共服务水平。其中指出,大数据建设既要有阶段性,也要有重点突破。先在环境影响评价、环境监测、环境应急、环境信息服务等方面实现突破。

    生态环境大数据总体架构为“一个机制、两套体系、三个平台”。一个机制即生态环境大数据管理工作机制,两套体系即组织保障和标准规范体系、统一运维和信息安全体系,三个平台即大数据环保云平台、大数据管理平台和大数据应用平台。

    未来将优先推动向社会开放大气、水、土壤、海洋等生态环境质量监测数据,区域、流域、行业等污染物排放数据,核与辐射、固体废物等风险源数据以及化学品对环境损害的风险评估数据,重要生态功能区、自然保护区、生物多样性保护优先区等自然生态数据,环境违法、处罚等监察执法数据。依托环境保护部政府网站建设生态环境数据开放平台,提高数据开放的规范性和权威性。

     

    友情链接:  墨铸传媒    中国水网    污水处理工程网    中和荣华环保科技(北京)有限公司   
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    电话:010-82890619                     传 真:010-82899868

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